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MIRROR SIGNAL MANOEUVRE
The routine that underpins every safe driving action.
Mirror Signal Manoeuvre (MSM) is the fundamental routine every driver must follow before changing speed or direction. Master it and you have the foundation for safe driving for life.
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What is Mirror Signal Manoeuvre?
Mirror Signal Manoeuvre (MSM) is a fundamental routine that every driver must follow before changing speed, changing direction, or moving off. It ensures you are always aware of what is around you, communicate your intentions to other road users, and only then carry out the manoeuvre. MSM is not just for the driving test — it is a lifelong safe driving habit.
The MSM routine
Mirrors — Check your interior mirror, then the relevant exterior mirror (left mirror before turning left, right mirror before turning right). Signal — Signal in good time to give other road users adequate warning of your intention. Manoeuvre — Only carry out the manoeuvre if it is safe. You may also need to position your vehicle before the manoeuvre.
Interior Mirror
Check the interior mirror first to get a general picture of traffic behind you. Use it before braking, accelerating or turning.
Exterior Mirrors
Check the relevant door mirror — left mirror for left turns, right mirror for right turns. Check both when moving off.
Signal in Good Time
Signal early enough for other road users to react — typically as you approach the point of turning.
Position
Position your vehicle correctly before the manoeuvre. For a left turn, keep close to the left; for a right turn, move to the right of your lane.
Blind Spots
Mirrors have blind spots. Always check over your shoulder before pulling away, changing lanes or opening car doors.
Speed
Adjust your speed to suit the manoeuvre. Approach junctions and turns at an appropriate speed — not too fast, not so slow you obstruct traffic.
MSM on the driving test
The examiner will be watching for consistent use of MSM throughout your test. Failing to check mirrors before changing speed or direction is one of the most common causes of test failures. The routine should become automatic — every action should be preceded by mirrors, every change of direction preceded by a signal, and every manoeuvre should only happen when it is safe.
Make MSM automatic with RED
Our instructors will help you build the MSM routine until it becomes second nature.
